Disgust sensitivity is negatively associated with immune system activity in early pregnancy: Direct support for the Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vini?ná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic;2. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Celetná 20, 116 42 Prague 1, Czech Republic;3. Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vini?ná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic;4. ProfiGyn, s.r.o., Municipal Health Centre Prague, Spálená 78/12, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic;5. Department of Steroid Hormones and Proteohormones, Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 116 94 Prague 1, Czech Republic;6. Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 116 94 Prague 1, Czech Republic;7. Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States of America;8. Research Scientist VI, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States of America;1. School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;2. School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia;1. University of Arkansas, United States of America;2. The University of Southern Mississippi, United States of America;3. Utah Valley University, United States of America;1. Department of Anthropology and Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States;2. Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;1. Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, United States of America;2. UC Berkeley Haas School of Business, United States of America;3. Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | According to the Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis (CPH), disgust may be considered a part of the behavioral immune system, adjusting as a function of immunocompetence. Early pregnancy involves modulation of a complex network of various immune-related factors, but only a few studies so far have focused on disgust sensitivity in pregnant women in the context of the CPH. This study aimed to examine associations between disgust sensitivity and immune activity indices, cytokine levels, and white blood cell (WBC) count in pregnant women. The sample included 78 women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Higher disgust sensitivity (Disgust Scale-Revised; DS-R) was significantly associated with decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-2 IL-4, IL-7, IL-17, Eotaxin, MCP-1 (MCAF), and RANTES in blood serum. This model explained 17.5% of the total DS-R score variability. Using the DS-R subscales, the Contamination disgust was significantly associated with levels of FGF basic, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-17A, G-CSF, MCP-1 (MCAF), MIP-1α, PDGF-BB, and RANTES, and the Core disgust was significantly associated with levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-17A, Eotaxin, G-CSF, IP-10, MCP-1 (MCAF), PDGF-BB, and TNF-α. Disgust sensitivity was not associated with WBC count. Disgust may reflect and compensate for insufficient immune adaptation in early pregnancy, suggesting the potential clinical significance of this common prenatal symptom. |
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