Photoperiod-temperature interaction-a new form of seasonal control of growth and development in insects and in particular a Carabid Beetle, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amara communis</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Carabidae) |
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Authors: | E B Lopatina V E Kipyatkov S V Balashov D A Kutcherov |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Entomology,St. Petersburg State University,St. Petersburg,Russia |
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Abstract: | Amara communis larvae were found to develop significantly faster and to have higher growth rate at short-day (12 h) as compared to long-day
(22 h) photoperiods at all used temperatures (16, 18, 20, and 22°C). The coefficient of linear regression of larval development
rate on temperature was significantly higher at the short day than at the long day. The thermal developmental thresholds appeared
similar at both photoperiods. Body weight of young beetles reared under different photoperiods was almost the same. Thus,
photoperiod does not simply accelerate or decelerate insect development, but modifies the thermal reaction norm. At short
days, larval development becomes faster and more temperature-dependent, which provides a timely completion of development
at the end of summer. The analysis of literature data has allowed us to find the photoperiodic modification of thermal requirements
for development in 5 insect orders: Orthoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. Modification may result
in significant changes in the slope of the regression line, and hence the sum of degree-days, and in the thermal developmental
threshold. Consequently, the thermal requirements for development in many insects gradually vary during summer under the effect
of changing day-length, which may have adaptive significance. Thus, the photoperiodic modification of thermal reaction norms
acts as a specific form of seasonal control of insect development. |
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