矮牵牛新种质的花色表型及花色素分析

以27个上海交通大学自育矮牵牛新种质为研究材料，对花色这一重要观赏性状及其花色素进行了系统研究。用RHSCC比色和色差仪测色方法描述了矮牵牛的花色表型，通过特征显色反应初步判断了矮牵牛的花色素类型，以标准曲线法和pH示差法等方法测定了矮牵牛3类花色素的含量。研究表明：这27个矮牵牛种质的花色可归于5个色系，以紫红色和红色为主；矮牵牛花色在CIELab表色系统中分布较广，而且不同色系花色参数的区分度较大。矮牵牛花瓣中含有类黄酮和花色苷，不含或含少量类胡萝卜素。13个被测种质的花瓣类黄酮含量在2.5～12.2 mg·/g–1 ·FW之间，花色苷含量在0.08～3.88 mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW之间，而类胡萝卜素在矮牵牛花瓣中含量很低，远远低于类黄酮含量，在7个被测种质中，最高仅为0.216 mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW，最低为0.004 mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW。以上结果显示，5个色系矮牵牛所含花色素种类不尽相同，含量也有明显差异，其中紫红色系和红色系花瓣大多不含或含极少量类胡萝卜素，黄色系、白色系和紫色系花瓣的类黄酮含量较高，紫色系和紫红色系花瓣花色苷含量较高。

Analyses of Flower Color Phenotype and Flower Pigments of Petunia hybrida New Germplasms

In this study, 27 new self-bred germplasms of Petunia hybrida were selected to study the flower color and their pigments. The flower color phenotype of P. hybrida was described by RHSCC and colorimeter, the pigment types in their petals were preliminarily determined by color reaction, and the content of three kinds of pigments in petals of selected P. hybrida was determined by standard curve method or pH differential method. The flower color of all germplasms could be classified into 5 series, and the color ranges mainly from purplish red to red. The flower color of P. hybrida was widely distributed in CIELab color system, and the color parameters were distinguished greatly in petunia petals with different color. The petals of P. hybrida contained flavonoids and anthocyanins, but no or little carotenoids. The flavonoid content in petals of 13 tested germplasms ranged from 2.5?to 12.2 mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW, in which the anthocyanin content ranged from 0.03 to 3.88 mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW. The carotenoid content in petunia petals was much lower than the content of flavonoids, the highest and the lowest value was present 0.216?mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW and 0.004 mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW, respectively. Taken together, the type and the content of pigments were different in the petunia petals within different color; no or little carotenoids were detected in petals of most petunia germplasms of purplish red and red series; a high level of flavonoids was observed in petals of yellow, white and purple petunias, and the content of anthocyanins in petals of purple and purplish red petunias was also relatively high.