山茶属连蕊茶组和毛蕊茶组资源及其种质创新研究进展

山茶属(Camellia)植物集茶叶、茶油及茶花三大特色为一身。近年来，该属连蕊茶组(Sect. Theopsis)和毛蕊茶组(Sect. Eriandria)植物随着野生资源在束花茶花种质创新等方面的发展而逐渐受到关注。为在未来山茶的开发应用中进一步利用两组资源，本文重点总结连蕊茶组和毛蕊茶组的植物资源、观赏性及适应性、种质创新等方面的研究进展。1)山茶属主要包括闵天禄、张宏达及Sealy三个分类系统研究，按照张宏达分类系统，连蕊茶组资源48种，毛蕊茶组15种；闵天禄分类学系统连蕊茶组19种，毛蕊茶组9种。2)两组资源具开花繁密，叶形较小的特点；花的挥发性成分以苯乙醇、芳樟醇、柏木醇为主。3)在应用研究中主要体现在束花茶花的育种，连蕊茶组植物10余种，毛蕊茶组1～2种已用于种质创新。从目前的研究来看，两组资源的基础研究相对薄弱，亟需结合经典分类及现代分子生物等技术开展全面的综合性基础研究；在充分发挥我国特有连蕊茶组和毛蕊茶组资源的基础上，聚焦抗逆性及观赏性的种质创新，不断丰富该类资源在园林景观等方面的应用。

Resources of Camellia Sect. Theopsis and Sect. Eriandria and Germplasm Innovation

The genus Camellia has rich resources for tea, oil and ornamental plants. Resources of Camellia Sect. Theopsis and Camellia Sect. Eriandria had been paid more and more attention with developments of their ornamental values. The progress based on germplasm and innovation of these two sections was as follows. 1) There were 3 main taxonomy studies on the genus Camellia, including Ming T L, Zhang H T and Sealy R J. According to Zhang’s taxonomy system, there were 48 species of Sect. Theopsis and 15 species of Sect. Eriandria, while there were 19 species and 9 species separately according to Ming’s taxonomy system. 2) The abundant flowers and small leaves of these two sections were amazing ornamental characters for landscaping; in addition, some species were fragrant, the volatile components of flowers include phenylethyl alcohol, linalool, cedrol et al. 3) About 10 species in Sect. Theopsis and 1～2 species in Sect. Eriandria had been used for cluster-flowering camellias breeding. From the current research, germplasm on these two sections need to be further studied, so as to lay the foundation for the related researchers; at the same time, the germplasm innovation of these two sections needs to pay more attention to resources native to China and their distinguished characteristics on resistance or namental, so as to improve the cluster-flowering camellias application in landscapes.