内蒙古喀喇沁大山前遗址出土石锄的功能研究

夏家店下层文化石锄的功能一直是一个悬而未决的问题,本文通过对大山前遗址出土石锄的工艺设计分析、使用痕迹观察、复制使用实验以及民族学材料的佐证,明确指出大山前遗址出土石锄不是一种挖掘工具,也不是一种除草的工具,而是用于碎土、勾草、耙地、开沟垄、引水灌溉的工具。结合夏家店下层文化的社会历史条件、自然环境,本文探索了夏家店下层文化时期的农耕方式及其发展变化;最后强调了综合运用多途径的推理方法;将所要分析的石器工具置于其特定的社会历史背景、自然条件中来理解,这种方法不仅有助于准确地了解石器工具的功能、使用方式等,还可以进一步了解它所蕴含的社会历史意义。

Explaining the Function of Stone Hoes Unearthed at the Dashanqian Site,Kalaqin, Inner Mongolia

The function of stone hoes from the Lower Xiajiadian Culture has still not been resolved. This paper is an attempt to explore function, socio-historical significance, and research methodology of these tools. By analysing of their design, use wear, replica and use experiments, and ethnographic analogy, we argue that stone hoes unearthed from the Dashanqian site were neither a tool used for digging, nor for weeding. They are a kind of tool for breaking up clods of soil, hooking weeds, leveling fields, digging furrows, and dredging irrigation ditches. We further explore farming technology during the Lower Xiajiadian Culture, while considering socio historical conditions and environmental background, emphasizing the importance of these two criteria.