Mutualism between a phytopathogenic fungus (Botrytis cinerea) and a vineyard pest (Lobesia botrana). Positive effects on insect development and oviposition behaviour |
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| Institution: | 1. John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States;3. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;4. Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States;1. University College of Southeast Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, N-3800 Bø, Norway;2. The Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway;3. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, NGI, PB 3930, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway;4. Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817 His, Norway |
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| Abstract: | In vineyards, larvae of the grape berry moth (Lobesia botrana) favour the development of the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea. To study the possibility of a mutualistic relationship between these organisms, we investigated the effects of the fungus on the development and oviposition behaviour of the insect. Larvae were reared on whole plants infected or uninfected with the fungus, or on an artificial diet containing either infected grape berries or the mycelium. The presence of the fungus consistently led to a reduction in the duration of insect development (4–6 d) and mortality (20–67 %). The fecundity increased from 12 to 76 %. Moreover, the fact that the females laid eggs preferentially on fungus-infected grape berries confirms the mutualistic association between these organisms. The fungus alone contributed to the positive effects. We showed the existence of a mutualistic relationship between the two organisms which are both damaging to vineyards. |
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