小麦品种氮利用效率的评价指标及其氮营养特性研究

选用40个不同小麦基因型在2个不同生态区进行田间试验，系统地分析了不同N利用效率指标的基因型与环境差异及其与N营养特性的关系．结果表明，N收获指数在基因型间的变异相对较小。其余指标受品种影响较大．N吸收效率、氮流效率受环境影响较小，其余指标受环境影响较大．所有指标均受基因型和环境互作的显著影响．氮流效率与N吸收效率、植株N生产力和土壤N生产力极显著相关，综合反映了植株干物质生产和N利用状况，可作为一个有效的N利用效率评价指标．指出提高开花后，N同化量和转运量有利于提高氮流效率．

Nitrogen use efficiency and its relationship with nitrogen nutrition characteristics of wheat varieties

Forty wheat varieties were tested at two sites (Xuzhou and Nanjing) to evaluate genotypic and environmental variation of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its relationship with nitrogen nutrition characteristics. It was shown that genotype had significant effect on NUE, but environment had less effect on NRE and NFE. All of the nitrogen nutrition traits were significantly influenced by the interaction of genotype x environment. NFE, as an integrated index reflecting the differences of grain yield and nitrogen utilization among different wheat varieties, was significantly correlated with NRE, NPP and NPS, which indicated that it should be more useful in evaluating nitrogen use efficiency. NFE could be improved by increasing N assimilation and translocation after anthesis to effectively increase the N utilization of wheat.