Circadian Activity Rhythm of the House Fly Continues after Optic Tract Severance and Lobectomy

Under constant conditions, locomotor activity in about 50% of 63 adult Musca domestica continued to be rhythmic after bilateral severance of optic tracts or bilateral lobectomy. Apparently, the optic lobes of Musca do not contain the oscillator for rhythmic control of locomotor activity as has been proposed for other insects. In 20% of the individuals, several circadian components of activity rhythms were found after operation indicating a role of the optic lobes in the coupling of oscillators. The remaining 30% of the flies with severed optic tracts appeared to be arrhythmic. Most of these flies had vacuolized tissue in the central brain. However, disruption of rhythmicity did not correlate with a common pattern of degeneration. Therefore no conclusions can be drawn as to the localization of the circadian control of locomotor activity in the brain. Flies showing an arrhythmic activity pattern could still be synchronized by LD cycles. Activity did not occur solely during the light period as is the case in controls; but was phase delayed by about 6 hr towards the dark period. Since all flies with severed optic tracts could be synchronized by LD cycles, Musca domestica must possess extraocular photoreceptors.