Chloroquine,a lysosomotropic agent,inhibits zygote formation in yeast

The effects of solar UV-B radiation on the green flagellate, Euglena gracilis, are measured under controlled conditions. Both photoorientation and motility are drastically impaired even after short exposure times of a few hours to sunlight not filtered by an ozone cuvette. Phototactic orientation starts to deteriorate after about 90 min and is completely lost after about 5 h. The percentage of motile cells in a population decreases likewise after an exposure of about 2 h and the velocity distributions shows a reduced speed of movement after an initial photokinetic increase. The damage is irreversible: in populations exposed for >2 h no living cell was found 24 h later. The UV-B sensitivity seems to be independent of the culture age at least over three weeks: While the percentage of motile cells changes with a peak at about 8 d, the relative UV-B induced inhibition is constant and depends only on the UV dose. DNA seems not to be the primary UV-B target since UV-B inhibition could not be repaired during subsequent dark or moderate light conditions even after low doses.