Mycotoxin production and evolutionary relationships among species of Aspergillus section Clavati |
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Authors: | Varga János Rigó Krisztina Molnár János Tóth Beáta Szencz Szilvia Téren József Kozakiewicz Zofia |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6701, Hungary;(2) Animal Health and Food Control Station, Szeged, H-6701, Hungary;(3) CABI Bioscience UK Centre, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW20 9TY, UK |
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Abstract: | Aspergillus
clavatus is a commonly encountered fungus in the environment, producing a number of mycotoxins including patulin, kojic acid, cytochalasins
and tremorgenic mycotoxins. A. clavatus belongs to Aspergillus section Clavati together with six other species, all of which possess clavate-shaped vesicles. Patulin production was analysed by thin layer
chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, while a primer pair developed for the detection of an iso-epoxydon
dehydrogenase gene involved in the biosynthesis of patulin in penicillia was used to detect the ability of patulin production
in the isolates examined. A good correlation was observed between patulin producing properties, and the presence of an iso-epoxydon
dehydrogenase gene fragment among the isolates tested. A. longivesica was found for the first time to produce patulin. Ribotoxin production was also examined using a PCR-based approach. Ribotoxins
were detected for the first time in an A. pallidus and a Hemicarpenteles acanthosporus isolate. A phylogenetic analysis of intergenic transcribed spacer sequence data indicated that most isolates belong to two
main clades that have also been identified earlier based on 26 S rDNA sequence data. A. pallidus isolates clustered together with A. clavatus strains. Although A. clavatus isolates produced highly homogeneous random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles, phylogenetic analysis of these data let us
cluster A. clavatus isolates into distinct clades. Correlations were not observed between either patulin or ribotoxin production, and the taxonomic
position of the isolates tested, indicating that patulin and ribotoxin producing abilities were lost several times during
evolution of Aspergillus section Clavati. Although patulin was earlier found to inhibit mycovirus replication, one of the mycovirus carrying isolates also produced
patulin, and both carried the iso-epoxydon dehydrogenase gene.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | Aspergillus ITS region Patulin Phylogenetic analysis RAPD Ribotoxin Section Clavati |
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