海水淹溺致大鼠急性肺损伤模型的建立

目的：建立海水淹溺肺损伤（SWD-ALl）的大鼠模型，为SWD—ALl的基础及救治研究提供平台。方法：128只健康SD大鼠随机分为4组，即对照（CG）组和海水灌注（SGI、SG2、SG4）组（分别气管内注入1、2、4mL／kg海水）。观察大鼠气管内海水灌注后症状以及各组呼吸频率、心率、动脉血气、肺湿／干重r~（W／D），留取肺组织病理标本观察病变。结果：与对照组比较，海水灌注组大鼠心率、呼吸频率明显加快，气道有白色泡沫渗出物，口唇发绀，肺部满布湿罗音。动脉血气分析氧分压（PaO2）和二氧化碳分压（Pa—CO2）显著降低（P〈0．01）；SGl、SG2组30min测氧合指数（Pa02／FiO2）低于300mmHg，之后逐渐升高至接近正常，SG4组各时间点测PaOJFi02得均在300mmHg以下；各组间比较，SG4组肺组织湿／干重比（W／D）明显高于其他组（P〈0．01）。肺组织病理观察，光镜下肺间质水肿，肺泡隔断裂，大量的红细胞及炎性细胞浸润。结论：经气管内灌注海水4mL／kg，可成功建立海水淹溺急性肺损伤的动物模型。

The Establishment of the Model of Acute Lung Injury Caused by Perfusing with Seawater in Rats

Objective： To establish an acute lung injury model by perfusing with seaWater into tracheal intubation of rats. Methods： One hundred and twenty eight healthy SD Tats were randomly divided into four groups （each 32）, control group （CG： no any treatment） and three seawater perfusing group （SG1, SG2, SG4： the animal were given intratracheally 1,2,4ml/kg of seawater, respectively.） The changes of semeiology were recorded after quantity sufficient seawater were infused into lungs of rats. For the rats in all groups, the respi- ratory rate, heart rate, arterial blood gases, the W/D ratio of pulmonary and their changes of histopathology were observed. Results： Tachypnea, airway with white foam exudate, cyanosis and wet rales appeared in the rats of seawater drowning groups immediately after perfusion of seawater. Compared with control group, PaO2 and PaCO2 in seawater drowning groups were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.01）. The low level of oxygenation index （〈300mmHg） at 30min time point in SG1, SG2 groups, then gradually risingto mormal, and at each time point in SG4 group. Comparison between each group, W/D ratio of lung tissue in SG4 group was significantly higher than that of other groups （P 〈0.01）. Pulmonary interstitial edema, alveolar septum fracture, red blood cells and inflammatory cells infiltration could be seen under macroscopy and light microscope in the pathologic changes of rat lungs. Conclusion： A stable rat model of seawater drowning induced acute lung injury can be successfully established by perfusion of seawater in 4ml/kg dosage in rats.