Despite high uptake efficiency, non-mycorrhizal Rumex acetosella increases available phosphorous in the rhizosphere soil, whereas Viscaria vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata and Achillea millefolium does not

The phosphorous (P) uptake efficiency, reduction of the soil extractable P, and the root morphology was determined for the four common grassland species Rumex acetosella , Viscaria vulgaris , Plantago lanceolata and Achillea millefolium in one pot cultivation and one microcosm experiment. Rumex acetosella produced more than tree times as much biomass as each of V. vulgaris , P. lanceolata and A. millefolium, and could maintain a P concentration in the tissue that was twice as high as in the other species. R. acetosella was able to take up 10 times more phosphorous than the other species but the high uptake was not reflected in reduced Olsen P levels in the root affected soil. Calculating the uptake efficiency of the roots with a diameter less than 0.5  mm showed that the P uptake, calculated per root area, had been more efficient in R. acetosella than in the other species. The calculated rhizosphere volume (explored by the plant) seemed to correlate with the higher uptake efficiency of R. acetosella. We can conclude that R. acetosella have mechanisms to maintain a high P availability in the soil and may sustain a high uptake without any mycorrhizal interactions.