SUMO化修饰系统在哺乳动物胚胎发育及器官发生中的作用

小分子泛素相关修饰物蛋白（small ubiquitin-related modifier protein，SUMO）化修饰是一种广泛存在的蛋白质翻译后修饰形式，存在于动物多个生理和病理过程中，并涉及复杂的信号通路调节过程，是细胞对应激反应的重要调节机制，并且越来越多的研究表明，SUMO化修饰在哺乳动物胚胎发育及器官发生过程中发挥重要作用。在胎儿发育过程中，SUMO化对于器官的形成及发育起着至关重要的作用。SUMO化途径的各组成成分（UBC9、SUMO1~3、PIAS、SENP1~7）在胚胎发育过程中协调胚泡与子宫间的对话、心脏发育以及颅面发育中都发挥着重要作用。在发育过程中SUMO化修饰一旦失调，则可能导致胚胎植入前缺陷、胚胎发育缺陷以及胚胎致死。本综述总结了SUMO化修饰的分子机制，以及SUMO化途径各个组成成分（SUMO、UBC9、PIAS、SENPs）在早期胚胎发育及后续器官发生中功能的最新进展，以望为后续的研究提供借鉴。

The Role of Sumoylation in Mammalian Embryonic Development and Organogenesis

Small ubiquitin-related modifier protein (SUMO) modification is a kind of widespread form of post-translational modification. It exists in multiple physiological and pathological processes, and is involved in a number of signal transduction pathways. Sumoylation is one of the important regulating mechanism in the cellular response to stress, and a growing body of research suggests that the SUMO play an important role in the process of embryonic development and organogenesis in mammals. Sumoylation plays an important role in the formation and development of organs in fetal development. The components of the sumoylation pathway (UBC9, SUMO1-3, PIAS, SENP1-7) play important roles in the coordination of the dialogue between the blastocyst and the uterus, the development of the heart, and craniofacial development. When these developmental dysfunctions occur, they can lead to preimplantation defects, developmental defects, and fetal death. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in this field, summarizing the important roles in early embryonic development and organogenesis of SUMO, UBC9, PIAS, and SENPs, which have been linked to the SUMO pathway, and the consequences of aberrant SUMOylation, to provide a reference for future research.