负重深蹲中施加不同动脉闭塞压和间歇方式对大腿肌肉激活特征的影响

目的: 通过探讨负重深蹲练习中施加不同动脉闭塞压和间歇方式对大腿肌群激活特征的影响,找出引起最大激活的个人适宜动脉加压相对值范围,为运动员科学进行加压训练提供一定的理论依据和实践参考。方法: 募集10名男子运动员,进行负重30%1RM(最大抗阻百分比)的深蹲练习,以间歇加压和持续加压两种模式,分别完成无加压、40%动脉闭塞压(AOP)、50%AOP和60%AOP四种加压形式。运用Wave plus无线表面肌电测试仪采集大腿肌群的表面肌电信号,计算出大腿前、后肌群的肌电振幅值。采用双因素方差分析考察通过施加不同动脉闭塞压和不同间歇休息模式对大腿肌肉群的激活效应及其差异。结果: ① 经过双因素方差分析,通过施加不同AOP对所测肌肉标准化均方根振幅值具有显著性影响(P＜0.05),而间歇方式则对所测大腿肌群%MVC值无显著性影响(P＞0.05),施加不同动脉闭塞压和间歇方式对所测肌肉肌电活动的交互作用均无显著性(P＞0.05);② 30%1RM负重深蹲练习时,在50%AOP压力条件下,间歇和持续加压都可以显著提高股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌、股二头肌和半腱肌的%MVC值(P＜0.05);③ 40%AOP压力条件下,仅间歇深蹲练习可显著提高股直肌的%MVC值(P＜0.05);60%AOP压力条件下,也仅间歇练习可以显著提高股内侧肌和半腱肌%MVC值(P＜0.05)。结论: 本研究进一步验证了50%AOP施压对高水平手球运动员在轻负重蹲起练习可以同时显著提高股四头肌和股后肌群的最佳激活程度,产生最佳训练效果,间歇模式推荐采用除压间歇模式。

Effect of differentarterial occlusion pressure and intermittent mode on KAATSU-loaded deep-squat exercise on the characteristics of thigh muscle activation

Objective: To investigate the effect of different arterial occlusion pressure and intermittent time on KAATSU-loaded deep-squat exercise on the characteristics of thigh muscle activation, find out the suitable relative value of personal blood pressure limit causing the maximum activation, and to provide some theoretical basis and practical reference for athletes to carry on the KAATSU Training scientifically. Methods: Ten elite male players were recruited, four kinds of external pressure condition with 0% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP), 40%AOP, 50%AOP, 60%AOP, respectively, were performed with 30%1RM(One repetition maximum)intensity of intermittent and continuous KAASTU-loaded deep-squat exercise. Wave plus wireless surface electromyography instrument was used to collect the surface EMG signals of the lower thigh muscle group. Root mean square (RMS) calculation was used to estimate muscle activity level. The normalized RMS values of the anterior thigh group and posterior thigh group were calculated by RMS of MVC, two-factor ANOVA analysis of variance were used to explore the effect of the activation of various muscle on external express and intermittent mode, to analyze the discrepancy during different external pressure. Results: ①A two-factor analysis of variance showed that different %AOP had significant effect on the normalized values of RMS of muscle measured by KAATSU deep-squat exercise(P＜0.05), but intermittent mode had no significant effect on the standard value of RMS of muscle(P＞0.05). The interaction of external pressure and intermittent mode on muscle RMS was not significant(P＞0.05); ②The normalized RMS values of Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus were significantly increased (P＜0.05)in 50% AOP pressure condition during intermittent and continuous exercise; ③ The normalized RMS values of RF and VL were significantly increased(P＜0.05)in 50% AOP pressure condition during intermittent and continuous exercise. The %MVC values of Vastus Medialis and Semitendinosus were significantly increased(P＜0.05)in 60% AOP pressure condition during intermittent exercise. Conclusion: This study further verified that 50% AOP pressure can significantly improve the optimal activation quadriceps and posterior thigh groups and produce the best training effect for the high level handball players. It can not only promote the coordinated development of the agonist and antagonist, but also avoid overloading and prevent hamstring injury. At the same time, the intermittent mode is recommended to adopt the decompression intermittent mode.