Perception of the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu by the receptor EFR restricts Agrobacterium-mediated transformation |
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Authors: | Zipfel Cyril Kunze Gernot Chinchilla Delphine Caniard Anne Jones Jonathan D G Boller Thomas Felix Georg |
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Institution: | Botanical Institute, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Centre, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 1, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. cyril.zipfel@sainsbury-laboratory.ac.uk |
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Abstract: | Higher eukaryotes sense microbes through the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Arabidopsis plants detect a variety of PAMPs including conserved domains of bacterial flagellin and of bacterial EF-Tu. Here, we show that flagellin and EF-Tu activate a common set of signaling events and defense responses but without clear synergistic effects. Treatment with either PAMP results in increased binding sites for both PAMPs. We used this finding in a targeted reverse-genetic approach to identify a receptor kinase essential for EF-Tu perception, which we called EFR. Nicotiana benthamiana, a plant unable to perceive EF-Tu, acquires EF-Tu binding sites and responsiveness upon transient expression of EFR. Arabidopsis efr mutants show enhanced susceptibility to the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, as revealed by a higher efficiency of T-DNA transformation. These results demonstrate that EFR is the EF-Tu receptor and that plant defense responses induced by PAMPs such as EF-Tu reduce transformation by Agrobacterium. |
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