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Mating type heterokaryons inPhycomyces blakesleeanus
Affiliation:2. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Leo´n, Leo´n, Spain;1. Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;2. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK;1. Department of Genetics, University of Seville, Avenida Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain;2. US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA;3. Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;4. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;5. School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri–Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;6. Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México;7. HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA;8. Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;9. Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Universidad de Salamanca, Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain;10. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands;11. Universite de Montreal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, Biochimie, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal QC, H3C 3J7, Canada;12. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;13. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;14. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA;15. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7257, Université Aix-Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France;16. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;17. Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain;18. Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain;19. Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;20. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ishinomaki Senshu University, Ishinomaki 986-8580, Japan;21. Departamento de Biología Celular y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Avenida Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;22. Department of Agrarian Production, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;23. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;24. Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico;25. Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Hans Knoell Institute), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany;26. Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;27. Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA;28. Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA;29. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA;30. Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;31. School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;32. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany;2. Flow Cytometry and Imaging Facility, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany;3. LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), 35043 Marburg, Germany;1. Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, 50 South Drive, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;1. Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;2. Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;3. EMBL Hamburg Unit, EMBL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;4. WP-79 Sample Environment Group, European XFEL GmbH, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
Abstract:A simple method is described for construction of mating type heterokaryons inPhycomyces blakesleeanus. The specific morphology of these heterokaryons is used as a phenotypic marker which reveals the presence of nuclei of different mating types in the same mycelium. These heterokaryons can be successfully used in complementation tests involving both nutritional and phototropic markers. Complementation between mutants with abnormal phototropism belonging to seven previously established complementation groups showed that in 54 different mating type heterokaryons the pattern of complementation was the same as that earlier described in heterokaryons involving nuclei of the same mating type. Complementation tests involving riboflavin auxotrophs showed the presence of two complementation groups.
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