海淡水养殖中华鲟免疫特性的比较

实验以淡水养殖的4龄中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)为研究对象, 经海水驯化后实施全海水养殖, 探究中华鲟在海水养殖条件下血液理化指标和免疫组织结构变化。结果显示: 与淡水养殖个体相比, 海水养殖后中华鲟的血红蛋白(HB)、红细胞比容(HCT)和白细胞数(WBC)均显著升高(P<0.05), 红细胞数(RBC)与各类白细胞占比无显著变化(P>0.05); 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、溶菌酶(LZM)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)等6种免疫生化指标与淡水个体无显著差异(P>0.05)。对免疫组织的观察发现, 海水养殖中华鲟头肾组织中细胞聚集, 形态分布更整齐, 黑色素巨噬细胞中心增多; 脾脏组织的淋巴细胞和红细胞分布更加密集。研究结果表明, 海水养殖会在一定程度上增强中华鲟的免疫和造血功能, 保持较好的生理状态。

COMPARISON OF IMMUNE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE STURGEON CULTURED IN SEA AND FRESH WATER

Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is a large anadromous migratory fish. In order to understand the immune characteristics of freshwater cultured Chinese sturgeon in seawater, a 5-month mariculture trial was conducted with 4-year-old Chinese sturgeons, and the adaptive changes of blood physiology, biochemistry and immune tissue were explored. The results showed that the white blood cell counts were significantly increased (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference on red blood cell count, but the hemoglobin and hematocrit increased significantly in the seawater from (46.50±10.59) g/L, (13.70±3.23)%, (9.19±1.10)×109/L to (74.50±11.05) g/L, (21.80±3.33)% and (10.88±3.73)×109/L, respectively. In the differential count of white blood cells, lymphocytes accounted for the largest proportion, followed by neutrophils, and there was no significant difference in the percentages of various types of white blood cells. Blood biochemical indexes such as SOD, MDA, LZM, IgM, AKP and ACP have no significant changes in freshwater and seawater. Observation of immune tissue structure showed that there was no obvious change in the thymus in seawater, but the cells were aggregated, the shape distribution was more orderly and the center of melanin macrophages increased in the head kidney tissue; Lymphocytes and red blood cells are more densely distributed in the spleen tissue. The results showed that marine aquaculture can enhance the immunity and hematopoietic function of Chinese sturgeon to a certain extent, and maintain a good physiological state.