Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation change on the Isle of Skye: new data from three coastal locations

Detailed lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical studies from three contrasting coastal sites on the Isle of Skye were undertaken to investigate spatial variations in vegetation development on the island since the Lateglacial. The pollen profiles were then compared with the published pollen data for Skye. The new data reveal broadly similar trends for the sites studied and show that these correspond well to the previously established chronology. A date of ca. 10110 radiocarbon years B.P. has been obtained for the rational rise in Corylus, a date of ca. 8850 uncal B.P. for the appearance of Ulmus and a date of ca. 6600 uncal B.P. for the rise in Alnus. However, significant variations were evident and these were due to (a) coastal proximity, which directly affects vegetation composition through the low but persistent presence of Armeria and Chenopodiaceae, (b) altitude, which determines the effect of rising groundwater that may be related to relative sea level rise, and (c) aspect and position in relation to central Cuillin mountain range, through exposure to SW winds that restrict the development of thermophilous woodland and encourage the acidification of heathlands and development of herb-rich grasslands from ca. 4000 B.P.. This study reveals that the range of variation caused by these local factors is as great as the variation found throughout the island. This has negative implications for the reconstruction of regional patterns of vegetation change but highlights the range of local habitats and wild resources available to early inhabitants of the island.