用微卫星DNA标记检测中国主要杂交水稻亲本的遗传差异

选用分布于水稻(OryzasativaL.)12条染色体上的20对SSR(Simplesequencerepeats)引物,分析了具有多种质源和较大应用面积的24个水稻胞质雄性不育系、1个光(温)敏核不育系、3个保持系和5个生产中应用较广的恢复系。在以上33份杂交水稻亲本材料间共检测出102个等位基因(alleles),平均每对SSR引物可检测到5.1个等位基因。PIC(polymorphicindexcontent)值的变动范围为0.274～0.773,平均PIC值为0.554。从56对SSR引物中筛选出5对引物,能够有效地区分所有供试的水稻雄性不育系和恢复系。杂交水稻亲本的聚类分析表明:(1)我国水稻雄性不育系遗传变异丰富,但生产中主要应用的水稻雄性不育系遗传背景比较单一。(2)生产中应用面积较大的水稻雄性不育系遗传变异较恢复系差。(3)生产中主要应用的水稻雄性不育系与恢复系分别聚类于不同的类群,且遗传关系较远。

Genetic Variation of Main Parents of Hybrid Rice in China Was Revealed with Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Total thirty three parents of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.), including twenty five rice male sterile lines, three maintainer lines and five restore lines, were analyzed by using twenty SSR (simple sequence repeats) primer pairs which disperse on 12 chromosomes in rice. Those primers detected 102 alleles among 33 parents of hybrid rice. PIC (polymorphic index content) values ranged from 0.274 to 0.773. PIC value is 0.554 on the average. Five SSR primer pairs selected from fifty six primer pairs can distinguish individually all of the rice male sterile lines and restore lines in the present study. As results from cluster analysis, it was concluded as follows. (1) Rice male sterile lines have abundant genetic diversity in China. Genetic background was vulnerable among rice male sterile lines used in large scale. (2) In indica rice, genetic variation of the restored lines is larger than that of the male sterile lines. (3) The restored lines were clustered separately from the male sterile lines which are grown widely for production.