SUMOylation and deimination of proteins: Two epigenetic modifications involved in Giardia encystation |
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Authors: | Cecilia V Vranych María R Rivero María C Merino Gonzalo F Mayol Nahuel Zamponi Belkys A Maletto María C Pistoresi-Palencia María C Touz Andrea S Rópolo |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC–CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina;2. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIBICI–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, UNC, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina |
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Abstract: | SUMOylation, a posttranslational modification of proteins, has been recently described as vital in eukaryotic cells. In a previous work, we analyzed the role of SUMO protein and the genes encoding the putative enzymes of the SUMOylation pathway in the parasite Giardia lamblia. Although we observed several SUMOylated proteins, only the enzyme Arginine Deiminase (ADI) was confirmed as a SUMOylated substrate. ADI is involved in the survival of the parasite and, besides its role in ATP production, it also catalyzes the modification of arginine residues to citrulline in the cytoplasmic tail of surface proteins. During encystation, however, ADI translocates to the nuclei and downregulates the expression of the Cyst Wall Protein 2 (CWP2). In this work, we made site-specific mutation of the ADI SUMOylation site (Lys101) and observed that transgenic trophozoites did not translocate to the nuclei at the first steps of encystation but shuttled in the nuclei late during this process through classic nuclear localization signals. Inside the nuclei, ADI acts as a peptidyl arginine deiminase, being probably involved in the downregulation of CWPs expression and cyst wall formation. Our results strongly indicate that ADI plays a regulatory role during encystation in which posttranslational modifications of proteins are key players. |
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Keywords: | Arginine deiminase SUMOylation Nuclear localization Encystation Parasites |
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