The measurement of blood and plasma nitrite by chemiluminescence: pitfalls and solutions

There are a number of difficulties involved in the quantification of nitrite in biological systems. These difficulties result from oxidation of nitrite (within minutes) by heme proteins, such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytoglobin, and neuroglobin; its low levels in vivo; and its ubiquitous presence in laboratory buffers and glassware. The goal of this review is to present an assay suitable for the sensitive and specific measurement of intravascular nitrite in mammals using the chemiluminescence-based nitric oxide analyzer and to inform the reader on how to evade the pitfalls pertinent to nitrite determination in biological matrices.