小麦根系与土壤水分胁迫关系的研究进展

几十年来，大量科学工作者为拓宽小麦根系对土壤水分的吸收能力和调控根系对干旱的适应能力，挖掘干旱地区的生产潜力，实现高产做了大量细致的研究工作，取得了许多重要研究成果，综述了土壤水分胁迫对小麦根系形态、构型建成和生理指标影响的影响。过去进行的研究表明，干旱胁迫条件下，不仅表达小麦根系形态和构型建成指标的根系数量、根系比表面积、根冠比、根生长势、根水势，导管直径等发生显著变化，而且表达根系生理指标的伤流流、根呼吸速率、根系质膜透性、膜脂过氧化水平、保护酶及其同工酶等也发生相应改变，虽然不同的研究者所获得的研究结果不同，有的甚至相互矛盾，但从总体看，各种变要是对干旱胁迫的一种适应性反应，有利于提高小麦的抗旱能力，对干旱条件下产量的形成具有重要作用。

Review of the relationship between wheat roots and water stress

A large number of scientists have made a lot of carefully and thoroughly studying works and obtained many important results for widening absorbing ability of soil water,regulating suitability of roots to water stress,exploiting productive potential of dryland in the last several decades.The effects of water stress on wheat root morphology,architecture of root system and physiological indexes are reviewed in this paper.Studies have been made shown that under water stress,not only root weight,root specific surface area,root shoot ratio,root growing potential,root water potential,root vessel diameter,etc which express the indexes of wheat root morphology and architecture have significantly changed,but also bleeding sap,root respiratory rate,root plasma membrane permeability,plasmalemma peroxide level,root protective enzymes and its isoenzymes etc which express root physiological indexes have changed correspondingly.Although different researchers have different results,even some are contradictory,on the whole,all kinds of changes are adaptive reaction to water stress,which have advantage to improving wheat resistance of drought and have importance effect to yield formation under drought.