青海北部高寒草甸雀形目鸟类繁殖生态学的研究进展

从鸟巢特征、巢址选择、窝卵数、育幼行为、雏鸟生长发育、繁殖生产力以及繁殖对策等方面,对青藏高原高寒草甸雀形目鸟类繁殖生态学进行了综合分析与评述。高寒草甸雀形目鸟类受适合繁殖季节长度、食物资源和捕食压力的影响,或选择逐步投资对策,或选择一次投资对策;每个种群的常见窝卵数就是最适窝卵数;雏鸟的发育模式相对固定,不存在补偿性生长,但是生长期长度是可变化的。①研究亲-子通讯行为的进化和稳定性,提出适应高寒草甸雀形目鸟类的亲-子间的通讯行为假设;②建立在巢环境特征变化梯度(开放到封闭)上的生命表,找出决定适合度的生命表参数(繁殖率和存活率)的因果关系;③测定在巢环境特征变化梯度上的生态领域变化将是未来研究的3个方向。

Breeding Ecology of Passerine Birds in Alpine Meadows of Northern Qinghai

The reproductive ecology of birds is important in the study of life history evolution centers. We briefly review progress in the reproductive ecology of alpine meadow passerines on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, to which we add the published results of our recent study. The current studies includes nest architecture, nest-site selection, the evolution of clutch size, nestling growth, parental care, breeding productivity, and breeding strategy etc. Based on these observations, we hypothesised that (1) the length of the breeding season, food resources and predation are critical for the evolution of passerine reproductive patterns in alpine meadows; (2) that alpine meadow passerines used single-investment and accumulative-investment strategies; (3) that the typical clutch size was actually the most efficient for reproductive purposes; (4) and that the transition from neonate to fledgling passerines is a relatively fixed process as compensatory growth does not appear to occur; (5) and that growth period is volatile. In future studies we propose: (1) to study the evolution and stability of parent-offspring communications, and to determine if the parent-offspring communication is the result of evolutionary trade-offs between visual and vocal signals; (2) to establish a life history table under the gradient of nest habitat; (3) to determine the ecological field under the gradient of nest habitat (from open to closed). Finally, we will try to obtain the transformation table of parent-offspring communication under the gradient of nest habitat and test the trade-offs between visual and vocal signals. Those results will provide more information on diversity, adaptive strategies and of life history of alpine meadow avians, and predict reproduction and life history of birds in response to global changes.