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Interactions among tree-line conifers: differential effects of pine on spruce and larch
Authors:S DULLINGER¶  T DIRNBÖCK†  R KÖCK‡  E HOCHBICHLER‡  T ENGLISCH§  N SAUBERER  G GRABHERR¶
Institution:VINCA –Vienna Institute for Nature Conservation and Analyses, Gießergasse 6/7, A-1090 Vienna, Austria,;Federal Environment Agency, Spittelauer Lände 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria,;Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria,;Department of Biogeography, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria, and;Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Abstract:
Keywords:alpine tree line  browsing  climate change  competition  facilitation  fecundity  growth  recruitment  subalpine conifers
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