莲花(Nelumbo nucifera)雌性器官变态的初步观察

莲花雄蕊的瓣化致使产生了很多重瓣或半重瓣的品种,而雌蕊的变态则使花朵呈“台阁”状花态。这些性器官的变态,不仅在育种上有实用的价值,可以选育各种特异花型的品种;而且在遗传性变异的基础研究方面也有意义。本文根据在美国加州Modesto市中国文化中心莲园夏播莲花实生苗当年开花植株的观察,初次报道莲花雌性器官的变态现象。雌性器官变态,系指心皮的变态和花托的不同程度退化或消失。作者根据心皮与花托的形态发育状况将其分为六个等级。有关这些性状变异的细胞学基础,尚待进一步研究。

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION ON THE METAMORPHOSIS OF LOTUS FEMALE ORGAN

The petalody of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) stamens results in formation of many lotus varieties with multiplicate or semi-multiplicate flowers, while the metamorphosis of the pistils turns the whole flower into a peculiar form similar to "a pavillion on a terrace". The research work on metamorphoses of both sexual organs not only has practical value in plant breeding, helping to select and breed various varicties of peculiar flowers, hut also has great significance in the basic study of hereditary variation.The present paper offers a preliminary report on the metamorphosis phenomena of the lotus female organ based on the observations on the development of lotus plants grown in the Lotus Garden of the Chinese Culture Center, Modesto, Ca., U. S. A. in the summer of 1985 and blooming that very year.The metamorphosis of female organ observed includes the variation of carpels and the degeneration of receptacles at various levels. The author divides the morphological development of the carpel and receptacle 6types according to their metamorphosis levels: normal type, projecting carpel type, projecting hollow carpel type, low-petalody carpel type, middle-petalody carpel type and full-petalody carpel type.However, the cytological base of the character variation remains to be proved by making a further study.