新疆马鹿塔里木亚种的现状与保护

新疆马鹿塔里木亚种高度适应荒漠生境, 自20 世纪50 年代以来, 由于自然和人为因素的影响, 种群数量急剧下降。栖息地退缩和片段化不仅导致种群遗传多样性的丧失, 而且也因遗传漂变和近亲繁殖, 不断地加剧了该亚种的濒危程度。为有效的保护该物种, 特提出可行的保护措施建议。

The Present Living Status of Tarim Red Deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) and Its Protective Countermeasures

Among the 8 subspecies distributing in China, Tarim red deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) is a special subspecies belong to Western system which is wondrously adapted to desert habitat. The Tarim red deer inhabits in the river valley of the Tarim, Konqi and Qarqan rivers in Xinjiang, China. Since 1950, due to the affections of nature and human, the populations of this subspecies have been urgently declined and the Tarim red deer has been included in the Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) in the category of an endangered species and classified as a second class protected animal in China. Currently, the habitat of the Tarim red deer is an area of intensive human activities,therefore the deer populations isolated into three areas, namely Xayar, Lopnur and Qarqan. Even more with the habitat's decreasing, not only the subspecies lost it's genetic diversity but also the animals are in severe danger because of genetic drifting and close relative reproduction. So far, the protective measure that has been not been sufficiently effective, and the ecology and genetic features of this subspecies remain to be elucidated. For that, some effective measures must be taken at present. Therefore in this work, the main reason bringing the endangerous affect to this subspecies have been discussed, and the feasible measures to protect this subspecies has been put forward.