Effects of nitrogen deposition and management practices on leaf litterfall and N and P return in a Moso bamboo forest

The effects of nitrogen (N) deposition and management practices on leaf litterfall and N and P return in Moso bamboo forest are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effects of four levels of simulated N deposition, including low-N (N30, 30 kg ha^?1 year^?1), medium-N (N60, 60 kg ha^?1 year^?1), and high-N (N90, 90 kg ha^?1 year^?1), and a control with no N (N-free addition). The experiment was performed in a Moso bamboo forest under conventional management (CM) and intensive management (IM). The results showed that leaf litterfall and N and P return occurred mainly from March to June and accounted for 78.2–82.2, 78.5–82.1, and 85.6–94.6% of annual leaf litterfall, N return, and P return, respectively. Unlike CM, IM significantly increased leaf litterfall and N and P return. The positive effects were further amplified by low- and medium-N deposition, but not high-N deposition. The combination of low- and medium-N deposition and IM significantly increased N and P return, but not litterfall. Our results indicated that the interaction of anthropogenic management practices and N deposition need to be considered when estimating the effects of N deposition on the biogeochemical cycle of a forest ecosystem.