Invasion and adaptive evolution for individual-based spatially structured populations |
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Authors: | Nicolas Champagnat Sylvie Méléard |
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Institution: | (1) Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis cedex, France;(2) CMAP, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France |
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Abstract: | The interplay between space and evolution is an important issue in population dynamics, that is particularly crucial in the
emergence of polymorphism and spatial patterns. Recently, biological studies suggest that invasion and evolution are closely
related. Here, we model the interplay between space and evolution starting with an individual-based approach and show the
important role of parameter scalings on clustering and invasion. We consider a stochastic discrete model with birth, death,
competition, mutation and spatial diffusion, where all the parameters may depend both on the position and on the phenotypic
trait of individuals. The spatial motion is driven by a reflected diffusion in a bounded domain. The interaction is modelled
as a trait competition between individuals within a given spatial interaction range. First, we give an algorithmic construction
of the process. Next, we obtain large population approximations, as weak solutions of nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations.
As the spatial interaction range is fixed, the nonlinearity is nonlocal. Then, we make the interaction range decrease to zero
and prove the convergence to spatially localized nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations. Finally, a discussion of three concrete
examples is proposed, based on simulations of the microscopic individual-based model. These examples illustrate the strong
effects of the spatial interaction range on the emergence of spatial and phenotypic diversity (clustering and polymorphism)
and on the interplay between invasion and evolution. The simulations focus on the qualitative differences between local and
nonlocal interactions.
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Keywords: | Spatially structured population Adaptive evolution Stochastic individual-based model Birth-and-death point process Reflected diffusion Mutation and selection Nonlinear reaction– diffusion equation Nonlocal interaction and local interaction Clustering Polymorphism Invasion and evolution |
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