Recording the beat patterns of the second antennae of calanoid copepods,with a micro-impedance technique

A device utilizing the suction produced by a plastic syringe, has been developed to restrain copepods in flowing seawater, allowing close observation of the experimental animal. Direct records of appendage movements can be achieved by using an electrode technique based on the impedance pneumograph, and the temporal activity patterns of such limbs can be displayed on a chart recorder. These methods have been applied to six species of marine calanoid copepods to record antennal beat patterns, and appendage movements during the escape response.