大豆耐盐机理及相关基因分子标记

大豆耐盐涉及多种生理代谢途径。耐盐大豆能够通过Cl-排除、控制Na+的吸收和转运、合成渗透调节物质、改变细胞膜膜脂组分及相关酶类的活性等多种形式来适应盐胁迫；野生大豆群体具有盐腺，从形态结构上适应盐逆境；大豆-根瘤菌共生体在盐胁迫下通过互作来提高整体的耐盐性。分子生物学技术应用于大豆耐盐研究,已获得了一些与耐盐相关基因连锁的分子标记。广泛搜集筛选大豆栽培种和野生种资源，利用分子生物学技术和基因工程提高大豆耐盐性，将成为未来大豆耐盐研究的主要内容。

Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Molecular Markers of Genes Associated with Salt Tolerance in Soybean

The salt tolerance in soybean involves various physiological mechanisms or metabolic pathways. The salt-tolerant soybean cultivars can grow better under high salt stress by regulating the intake and transportation of Na+, chloride exclusion, osmotic adjustment, changes of membrane lipids and enhancing activities of some enzymes, such as glutathion reductase, SOD and so on. A population of wild soybean expressed higher level of salt tolerance for its salt glands. Under salt stress, soybean and Bradyrhizobium can affect each other, so soybean-Bradyrhizobium system can respond to salinity as a whole. With the technology of molecular biology applied to salt-tolerant soybean, a few molecular markers associated with salt tolerant genes have been identified.