Immune responses against multiple epitopes: a theory for immunodominance and antigenic variation |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China;2. Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;1. Radiation Oncology Service, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Avinguda de França, S/N, 17007 Girona, Spain;2. CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), University of Girona (UdG), C/ Universitat de Girona 10,17003 Girona, Spain, Spain;3. Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona (UdG), C/ Universitat de Girona 10,17003 Girona, Spain;4. Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Carrer del Sol, 15, 17004 Girona, Spain;5. Hospital Cancer Registry, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Av de França, 17007, Girona, Spain;6. Nursing Department, University of Girona, Av de França, 17007, Girona, Spain;7. Medical Oncology Service, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Av de França, 17007, Girona, Spain;8. Department of Pathology, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Av. de Roma, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;9. Emergency Department, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Av de França, 17007, Girona, Spain;1. Dept. of Industrial Safety Management, Suncheon Jeil College, Suncheon-si, 57997, Republic of Korea;2. Metaport Corp., Incheon, 22101, Republic of Korea;3. Fire Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea;1. Servicio de Neurocirugía y Terapia Endovascular Neurológica, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Madero y Gonzalitos SN, mitras centro, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico;2. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, National Institute of Health, Dr. Márquez 162, Cuauhtémoc, 06720 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-12, Singapore 117575;2. Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, 28 Medical Dr. #05-COR, Singapore 117456;3. Yale-NUS College, College Ave West, Singapore 138527;4. Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551;1. Center for Materials and Microsystems, PAM-SE, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy;2. School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;3. University College London, University of London, London, UK;4. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia |
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| Abstract: | A simple and natural model for the nonlinear interaction between the immune system and multiple epitopes of a genetically variable pathogen can explain the main features of the complex phenomenon of immunodominance. In this model, antigenically homogeneous populations of pathogens stimulate an immunodominant response against a single epitope. In contrast, a heterogeneous pathogen population induces a dynamically complicated array of fluctuating responses against multiple epitopes. Antigenic escape in one epitope can shift immunodominance to other, potentially weaker, epitopes, thereby altering the selective pressures on the pathogen population as a whole. These ideas are compared with detailed studies of the shifting patterns of antigenic variation and cytotoxic T-cell responses seen in HIV-1 infected patients. |
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