降解全氟辛酸真菌的分离与鉴定

目的 通过富集培养分离降解全氟辛酸（PFOA）的真菌，进行分类鉴定和降解特性分析。方法 采集全氟化合物污染的土壤，利用以PFOA为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基进行驯化和富集培养，分离降解PFOA的真菌；通过形态观察和基于ITS基因序列的系统发育分析对分离菌株进行鉴定；采用LC-MS检测其降解PFOA的能力。结果 分离获得2株降解PFOA的真菌AF1和AF2，初步鉴定分别为棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）和棘卷枝毛霉（Mucor circinelloides）；胞外酶活性分析均具有漆酶活性。真菌AF1和AF2在以PFOA为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基中培养72 h后，最大降解率分别为24.24%和28.12%。结论 自然环境中蕴藏着降解PFOA的真菌资源。

Isolation and identification of perfluorooctanoic acid-degrading fungi

Objective To screen, isolate and preliminarily identify perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-degrading fungi, and analyze their PFOA-degrading characteristics. Methods PFOA-degrading fungi were isolated from the soil around perfluorochemical manufacturing plants through acclimation and enrichment culturing, using PFOA as the sole carbon source. The isolates were preliminarily identified through morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationship based on ITS gene sequences. The PFOA-degrading ability of the isolated strains was detected with LC-MS. Results Two strains of PFOA-degrading fungi, AF1 and AF2, were isolated, and identified as Trichoderma asperellum and Mucor circinelloides respectively. Both AF1 and AF2 had laccase activity by plate test. When cultivated in inorganic salt medium using PFOA as the sole carbon source for 72 hours, the maximum PFOA-degrading rates of AF1 and AF2 were 24.24% and 28.12% respectively. Conclusion There exists PFOA-degrading fungal resource in natural environment.