广西眼镜蛇、银环蛇和五步蛇蛇毒的体外抑菌作用

目的 初步研究广西眼镜蛇、银环蛇和五步蛇蛇毒的体外抑菌作用，并比较各种蛇毒对金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、大肠埃希菌和枯草芽胞杆菌的抑菌效果。方法 观测4种菌的生长情况。采用微量肉汤稀释法检测广西眼镜蛇、银环蛇和五步蛇蛇毒对4种细菌的抑菌作用，分析比较不同蛇毒的抑菌效果和孵育时间对抑菌效果的影响。结果 广西眼镜蛇和五步蛇蛇毒对金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、大肠埃希菌和枯草芽胞杆菌均有一定的抑制作用，而银环蛇蛇毒未见明显抑制作用（＞1 280 μg/mL）。广西眼镜蛇和五步蛇蛇毒对于4种菌孵育48、72 h的MIC80、MIC50值均比孵育24 h提高2倍或以上。金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和枯草芽胞杆菌的抑菌效果：广西眼镜蛇蛇毒＞五步蛇蛇毒＞银环蛇蛇毒；甲型溶血性链球菌的抑菌效果：五步蛇蛇毒＞广西眼镜蛇蛇毒＞银环蛇蛇毒。结论 广西眼镜蛇和五步蛇蛇毒均具有一定的体外抑菌作用，且对于不同种类的细菌抑菌活性不同，银环蛇蛇毒未发现有明显的体外抑菌作用。

Antibacterial activity of venoms from Guangxi cobra, Bungarus multicinctus and Deinagkistrodon acutus in vitro

Objective To preliminarily study the antibacterial effects of venoms from Guangxi cobra, Bungarus multicinctus and Deinagkistrodon acutus in vitro. Methods The growth of Staphylococcus aureus, α-Hemolytic streptococcus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were observed. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the three snake venoms on the four bacteria. The antibacterial effects of the venoms and impact of different incubation periods on their antibacterial effects were observed and compared. Results The venoms from Guangxi cobra and Deinagkistrodon acutus showed certain inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, α-Hemolytic streptococcus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. However, the venom from Bungarus multicinctus had no obvious inhibitory activity (>1,280 μg/mL). The MIC80 and MIC50 values of venoms from Guangxi cobra and Deinagkistrodon acutus on the four bacteria increased by 2 times or more with incubation periods of 48 hours and 72 hours than those with incubation period of 24 hours, respectively. The antibacterial effect of Guangxi cobra venom against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was the highest, followed by Deinagkistrodon acutus venom and then Bungarus multicinctus venom; The antibacterial effect of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom on α-Hemolytic streptococcus was the highest, followed by Guangxi cobra venom and then Bungarus multicinctus venom. Conclusion Cobra venom and Deinagkistrodon venom have certain antibacterial activities in vitro, which vary against different kinds of bacteria. However, no obvious antibacterial activity in vitro was observed in Bungarus multicinctus venom.