新疆北塔山地区药用植物资源及多样性分析

经野外调查、查阅文献和标本鉴定,对新疆北塔山地区药用植物资源及多样性进行了研究。结果显示,该研究区内共有药用植物24科44属60种,其中珍稀濒危药用植物16种,集中分布于单种科和单种属内;区系成分以温带成分为主且与地中海、西亚至中亚分布及其变型联系紧密,热带成分有微弱渗入;生活型以多年生草本植物类型为主,共计29种,占该研究区总种数的48.33%,兼具部分一年生草本和灌木类型;生态型以中生植物为主,但旱生性特征明显;植物的药用部位多样,但集中于全草、根类和茎叶,分别为43.33%、15%和11.66%。本研究为北塔山地区药用植物的保护提供了重要的本底资料,也为该地区生物多样性的研究提供了科学依据。

Medicinal Plant Resources and Their Diversity in the Beita Mountains of Xinjiang

Based on field investigation and morphological taxonomy, the species composition and diversity characteristics of medicinal plants in the Beita Mountains of Xinjiang were studied. Our results showed there were 60 species of medicinal plants in the Beita Mountains belonging to 44 genera and 24 families, and included 16 rare and endangered medicinal plants. The 60 species were predominantly distributed in single-family or single-genus. The flora characteristics exhibited obvious temperate floristic elements, and were close with Mediterranean, western Asian and central Asian elements. Tropical elements were rare. Perennial herb species were dominant in terms of plant life type, with 29 species of perennial medicinal herbs accounting for 48.33% of total medicinal plants in the Beita Mountains. According to ecotype of the medicinal plants, Mesophytes were the most common, while Xeromorphic structure was the most obvious. The use of the whole plant, root and stem and leaf as the medicinal organ material accounted for 43.33%, 15%, and 11.66% of the total number of medicinal plants, respectively. The results of this study not only provide important background information for the protection of medicinal plants, but also provide a scientific basis for research on the biodiversity of the Beita Mountains.