1 067例不同年龄及地域人群肠道菌群特征

目的 探索不同人群在不同年龄阶段的菌群结构特点，了解环境因素对肠道菌群组成及发展的影响。方法 收集65例中国健康儿童粪便样本并进行16S rRNA检测，同时从已发表文献中获取来自亚洲、非洲、欧洲、北美洲及南美洲国家的1 002例健康人群肠道菌群数据，分析来自不同年龄阶段健康人群肠道菌群的特征。结果 3岁以下全球各地儿童肠道菌群的种类较为一致：拟杆菌属和双歧杆菌属在儿童肠道菌群中占据主导地位，且它们在免疫调节上有重要作用。3岁以上健康人群的肠道菌群则展示出了地域性特征：亚洲健康人群的肠道代表菌属为考拉杆菌属和巨单胞菌属，非洲健康人群的肠道代表菌属为粪杆菌属，欧洲健康人群的肠道代表菌属也是粪杆菌属，北美洲健康人群的肠道代表菌属为拟杆菌属，南美洲健康人群的肠道代表菌属为普氏菌属。另外，经济较发达的欧洲及北美洲健康人群的肠道菌群多样性显著高于其他经济较落后地区。结论 本研究加深了对不同地域人群肠道菌群特点以及它们随年龄增长而发展变化的认识。

The characterization of human gut microbiota across ages andcontinents based on 1,067 fecal samples

Abstract: Objective To explore the characteristics of gut microbiota (GM) in different populations across ages and understand the effect of environmental factors on bacterial composition. Methods The fecal specimens of 65 healthy Chinese children were collected for 16S rRNA detection. The GM data of 1,002 healthy people who come from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America were collected from published literatures. The GM characteristics of these 1,067 cases were analyzed. Results The GM of children aged <3 years were clustered together, and the dominant genera in this age group were Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, which played important role in immune system. For individuals who were elder than 3 years old, the GM were mainly clustered by living regions, which were featured by different representative genera: Phascolarctobacterium and Megamonas in Asians, Faecalibacterium in Africans, Faecalibacterium in Europeans, Bacteroides in North Americans and Prevotella in South Americans. Additionally, the bacterial diversity was significantly higher in Europeans and North Americans where the economic levels were higher than other continents. Conclusion Generally, this study provided a broader perspective of GM patterns across continents and their developing patterns across ages.