强化护理对小儿急性腹泻患者症状、肠道菌群及复发率的影响

目的 探讨强化护理对小儿急性腹泻患者症状、肠道菌群及复发率的影响。方法 选择十堰市妇幼保健院2015年8月至2017年8月收治的180例急性腹泻患儿为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分成观察组与对照组各90例。两组患者均进行常规对症处理。对照组患者采用常规护理，观察组患者采用强化护理，两组患者护理周期为2周。比较两组患者退热时间、纠正脱水时间、止泻时间以及住院时间，以及干预前后患儿肠道菌群变化情况。每月上门随访1次，记录患者急性腹泻复发率，连续随访3个月。结果 观察组患者退热时间、纠正脱水时间、住院时间均短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。干预前两组患者肠道乳杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、酵母样真菌数量差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。干预后两组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量高于干预前，肠球菌、酵母样真菌数量低于干预前，且观察组患者干预后乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量高于对照组，酵母样真菌数量低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组患者3个月内的复发率为3.33%，对照组为6.67%，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 与常规护理相比，强化护理能进一步促进急性腹泻患儿肠道菌群平衡，并缩短退热时间、纠正脱水与住院时间，值得临床推广。

Effect of intensive nursing on symptoms, intestinal flora and recurrence rate of children with acute diarrhea

Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of intensive nursing on the symptoms, intestinal flora and recurrence rate of children with acute diarrhea. Methods 180 children with acute diarrhea admitted to our hospital from August 2015 to August 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group or control group, 90 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine symptomatic treatment. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group received intensive care. The nursing cycles were 2 weeks. The time to defervescence, time to correction of dehydration, time to disappearance of diarrhea, length of hospital stay, and changes of intestinal flora after intervention were compared between the two groups. Results The time to defervescence, time to correction of dehydration and length of hospital say in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05) respectively. There were no statistically differences in the colony counts of Lactobacilli, Enterococci, Bifidobacteria and yeasts between groups before the (P>0.05). The counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in both groups increased while those of Enterococci and yeasts reduced after the intervention, with the observation group significantly superior to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with routine nursing care, intensive care can further improve intestinal flora in children with acute diarrhea while shorten the time to defervescence, time to correction of dehydration and length of hospital stay.