Human kynurenine aminotransferase II--reactivity with substrates and inhibitors

Kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of kynurenine, an intermediate of the tryptophan degradation pathway, into kynurenic acid, an endogenous antagonist of ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors in the central nervous system. KATII is the prevalent isoform in mammalian brain and a drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia. We have carried out a spectroscopic and functional characterization of both the human wild-type KATII and a variant carrying the active site mutation Tyr142→Phe. The transamination and the β-lytic activity of KATII towards the substrates kynurenine and α-aminoadipate, the substrate analog β-chloroalanine and the inhibitors (R)-2-amino-4-(4-(ethylsulfonyl))-4-oxobutanoic acid and cysteine sulfinate were investigated with both conventional assays and a novel continuous spectrophotometric assay. Furthermore, for high-throughput KATII inhibitor screenings, an endpoint assay suitable for 96-well plates was also developed and tested. The availability of these assays and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that (R)-2-amino-4-(4-(ethylsulfonyl))-4-oxobutanoic acid and cysteine sulfinate, reported to be KATII inhibitors, are poor substrates that undergo slow transamination.