植物的硅素营养研究综述

本文阐述了硅在植物中的形态、分布、吸收、积累、生理作用及其与其它元素的关系。研究表明：1．硅主要以二氧化硅胶(SiO2.nH2O)的无机物形态存在于植物表皮细胞和细胞壁。植物体内硅的含量在不同物种间差异很大。根据硅的含量，可将一般栽培植物分为三种类群；同时根据植物硅钙摩尔比值可将植物分为喜硅植物和非喜硅植物。硅在植物各部分分布不均匀，并且随着植株的生长发育，植株中的硅含量不断变化。植物中硅的积累受环境中多种因素的影响。2．植物主要以单硅酸形态吸收硅，不同植物吸收硅的能力不同。水稻具有主动吸硅能力，其吸收过程受体内代谢活动影响<请合法使用软件>其它大多数植物主要以被动方式吸收硅，但不排除具有选择性吸收硅的可能性。3．硅对植物的生长发育产生影响。硅是一些植物(如禾本科植物、甜菜、木贼属植物及某些硅藻)的必需元素。硅对其它很多植物具有有益作用。硅对植物的作用主要表现在对形态结构、生理过程和抗逆能力三方面的影响 上。在去硅条件下，多种植物表现出缺硅症状。4．硅对植物吸收利用对其它营养元素产生影响。硅对不同元素的影响方式和程度不同，同时随着植物的生长发育，对某种元素的作用常发生变化。

Review of the Studies on Silicon Nutrition of Plants

This review describes the form, distribution and physiological effects of silicon in plants and their absorption and accumulation. Studies showed that: 1 ) Silicon mainly deposits in the cuticular cells and cell wall of plant in the form of SiO2。nH2O. Silicon content in plants varies greatly among plant species. Generally, cultivated plants can be classified into three groups according to their silicon contents. We can also divide siliconphile and non - siliconphile plants according to their molecular ratio of silicon and calcium. Silicon contents in different parts of the same plant are not homogenous and changed with the growth phase. The accumulation of silicon in plants is affected by many environment factors.2)Plants absorb silicon mainly in the form of mono-sihcic acid. The ability of silicon absorption varies obviously among plant species. Rice can uptake silicon initiatively, and the absorption process is affected by their metabolic activities. Most of other plants mainly uptake silicon passively, but the possibility of selective absorption can not be excluded. 3)Silicon has effects on plant growth and development. It is an essential element for some plants (graminaceous plants, such as beet, scouring rush and some kinds of diatom), and it also benefits to many other plants. Silicon effects are mainly 1) on plant structure,2) on the physiological process of plant and 3) on the ability to resist adverse circumstances. Many plants showed a symptom of silicon shortage when all the silicon is removed from the growing environment. 4)Silicon influences the uptake and ulilization of other nutrient elements, and has different eyects on different elements. These influences often change during plant growth and development.