Vibrio species as agents of elasmobranch disease |
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| Authors: | D J Grimes R R Colwell J Stemmler H Hada D Maneval F M Hetrick E B May R T Jones M Stoskopf |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Microbiology, University of Maryland, 20742 College Park, Maryland, USA;(2) Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical School, 21201 Baltimore, Maryland, USA;(3) National Aquarium in Baltimore, Pier 3, 21202 Baltimore, Maryland, USA;(4) Department of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 21205 Baltimore, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | TwoVibrio species identified asV. damsela and a new sucrose-positiveVibrio sp.,V. carchariae sp. nov., were simultaneously isolated from a brown shark which died while being held in captivity at a large aquarium. Pathogenicity studies were subsequently conducted using a variety of elasmobranchs, including smooth dogfish and lemon sharks. Both bacterial strains proved pathogenic, causing death in nearly all of the elasmobranch hosts challenged. Virulence studies revealed that both bacterial strains were cytotoxic for Y-1 mouse adrenal cells. TheV. damsela strain was highly cytotoxic causing Y-1 cellular damage at culture supernatant dilutions up to 1 : 128. Both strains were hemolytic, but neither exhibited the Kanagawa phenomenon. They were both capable of urea hydrolysis, an interesting trait, considering that elasmobranchs retain large (ca 300 milliosmolal) urea concentration in their tissue. |
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