哺乳动物卵母细胞及早期胚胎蛋白质组学研究进展

雌性生殖细胞发育是动物繁殖的基石,哺乳动物卵母细胞和早期胚胎在其生长发育过程中有许多独特的现象和规律,涉及一系列蛋白质合成/降解和磷酸化等状态的动态改变。对卵母细胞分裂、成熟调控机理以及植入前胚胎发育规律的研究是发育生物学领域的一项重要课题。蛋白质组学是以细胞或组织内全部的蛋白质为研究对象,系统鉴定、定量蛋白质并研究这些蛋白质功能的科学。随着蛋白质分离、鉴定技术的快速发展,蛋白质组学为卵母细胞发生、分化、成熟以及质量控制等相关研究提供了新的方法和内容,如在蛋白质定量、修饰、定位和相互作用等方面提供其他组学技术不可获得的重要信息。这些信息将有助于揭示哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎发育的分子机制,对于进一步完善卵母细胞的体外成熟培养体系,提高胚胎体外生产、体细胞克隆和转基因动物生产效率具有重要意义。

Progress in proteomics of mammalian oocyte and early embryo

The development of female germ cell is the cornerstone for animal reproduction. Mammalian oocyte and early embryo have many distinct phenomena and mechanisms during their growth and development, involving series dynamic changes of protein synthesis/degradation and phosphorylation. Research on the regulatory mechanism of oocyte division, maturation, and developmental principle of pre-implantation embryo is an important topic in the field of animal developmental biology. Proteomics using of proteins expressed by a cell or tissue as research object, systematically identify, quantify and study the function of all these proteins. With the rapid development of protein separation and identification technology, proteomics provide some new methods and the research contents on fields of oogenesis, differentiation, maturation and quality control, such as protein quantification, modification, location and interaction important information which other omics technology can not provide. These information will contribute to uncover the molecular mechanisms of mammalian oocyte maturation and embryonic development. And it is great significant for improving the culture system of oocyte in vitro maturation, the efficiency of embryo production in vitro, somatic cell clone and transgenic animal production.