The influence of various feeding patterns of emodin on growth,non-specific immune responses,and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) |
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| Institution: | 1. Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China;2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;4. Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China;1. Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China;1. Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;2. Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;3. Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;4. Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China;1. Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;1. Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;2. Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Veterinary and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China;2. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China;1. Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156–83111, Iran;2. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy;3. Department of Natural Resources (Fisheries Division), Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156–83111, Iran;4. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 15759-49138, Iran;5. Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169-13798, Iran;6. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran 14155-6116, Iran;7. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169-13817, Iran;8. Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;9. Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road., Suthep, Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;10. South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various feeding patterns of emodin on growth, non-specific immune response, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile Wuchang bream. Healthy Megalobrama amblycephala (initial weight: 3.47 ± 0.032) were grown in a circulating water system for 8 weeks. Five groups were studied: one control group was fed with a basal diet for eight weeks (Pattern 1, P1), and three treatment groups were fed with a trial diet of 30 mg emodin kg?1 at one-week (Pattern 2, P2), two-week (Pattern 3, P3), four-week (Pattern 4, P4) intervals. The final treatment group maintained the trial diet for the entire eight-week study duration (Pattern 5, P5). Results indicated that different feeding patterns of emodin significantly influenced the weight gain rate of Wuchang bream (P < 0.05). Fish in the P4 treatment group had significantly higher rates of weight gain (WG) than those in other treatment groups. There were no significant differences in survival rates or feed conversion ratios (FCR) between treatment groups and the control group. White blood cell count (WBC), respiratory burst activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activity were shown to increase at first and then decrease from P3 condition to P5 condition. Fish under P4 treatment showed the most significant improvement of all tested parameters compared to control. Significantly higher levels (P < 0.05) of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity were observed in P2 and P4 treatment groups when compared with the control group, while no significant differences were observed in the AST and ALT activity of fish in P2, P3, P4 and P5 treatment groups. In a bacterial challenge experiment with A. hydrophila, fish under P4 and P5 treatment showed lower cumulative mortality than the control group. The results of this study suggest that an initial 4-week feeding interval is recommended for the economic and practical culture of M. amblycephala. |
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| Keywords: | Emodin Feeding patterns Growth Non-specific immunity |
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