Salmonid alphavirus-based replicon vaccine against infectious salmon anemia (ISA): Impact of immunization route and interactions of the replicon vector |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway;2. MSD Animal Health Innovation AS, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway;3. MSD Animal Health BV, P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands;1. Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;2. EpiVet Consulting, Santiago, Chile;3. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;4. EpiCentre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;5. CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNR, Argentina;1. Section of Immunology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway;3. Nofima AS, Norwegian Institutes of Food, Fisheries & Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway;1. USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, National Surveillance Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, United States;2. Sernapesca, Chile''s National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service, Victoria 2832, Valparaiso, Chile;3. SalmonChile, Department of Fish Health, Instituto Tecnologico del Salmon, Av. Juan Soler Manfredini 41, OF 1802 Puerto Montt, Chile;4. Marine Harvest Chile, Ruta 226 Km 8 Puerto Montt Chile & Aquaculture Sciences Ph.D Program, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile;5. Lab de Biotecnología y Patología Acuática Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile;6. Salmones Camanchaca, Diego Portales 2000, Piso 13, Puerto Montt, Chile;7. FAV, S.A., A. Pinto 201, Puerto Montt, Chile;8. Chile Ltda ADL Diagnostic, Diagnostic Laboratory and Biotechnology, Sector Rod s/n Larch Way, Puerto Montt, Chile;9. Plancton Andino Ltda., Terraplen N 869, Puerto Varas, Chile;10. Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Aplicadas (CIBA), Diego de Almagro Norte 1013, Puerto Montt, Chile;11. Universidad San Sebastian, Facultad de Veterinaria, Lago Panguipulli 1390, Pelluco Alto, Puerto Montt, Chile;1. Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway;2. Uni Research Environment, Uni Research, Thormøhlensgt, 49B 5006 Bergen, Norway;3. Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway;4. Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK;1. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile;2. Aquainnovo, Talca 60, P.O. Box 30B, Puerto Montt 5503032, Chile;3. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Av Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile;4. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile |
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| Abstract: | A salmonid alphavirus (SAV)-based replicon encoding the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) hemagglutinin-esterase (HE), pSAV/HE, is an efficacious vaccine against infectious salmon anemia (ISA). Delivered intramuscularly (i.m.), the replicon vaccine provides high protection against subsequent ISAV challenge in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and induces a strong innate response locally at the injection site. This may be beneficial and could warrant reduced doses and improved efficacy compared to conventional DNA vaccines. In the present study, we found that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the pSAV/HE replicon vaccine did not induce protection, neither alone or in combination with a sub-potent, inactivated low-dose ISAV vaccine given i.p. No significant differences between the two immunization routes regarding systemic immune responses could be observed. I.m. injection of the replicon vector encoding a non-viral gene or the protective glycoprotein (G protein) from the heterologous viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) induced no protection against ISA. Although the replicons without the ISAV HE did induce IFN-signaling pathways at the muscle injection site similar to the pSAV/HE replicon they did not improve the efficacy of a sub-potent inactivated low-dose ISAV vaccine delivered i.p. Moreover, there was a tendency for reduced efficacy of the pSAV/HE replicon vaccine injected i.m. when co-injected with the replicon encoding the VHSV G protein, which previously, after DNA vaccination, have been reported to induce cross-protection against heterologous virus challenge in fish. |
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| Keywords: | Salmonid alphavirus-based replicon vaccine Immunization against infectious salmon anemia Immunization route of DNA vaccines in fish Replicon-induced immune responses in Atlantic salmon |
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