Monopolar electromyographic signals recorded by a current amplifier in air and under water without insulation |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia;2. Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;1. Department of Rehabilitation, Sagamihara Chuo Hospital, 6-4-20, Fujimi, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan;2. Department of Rehabilitation, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan;4. Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22, Nishi-Kamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan;5. Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan;6. Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan;1. Laboratorio Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiología del Esfuerzo (LIBFE), Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile;2. Centro de Estudios del Movimiento Humano, Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile;1. Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, PO Box 6070, Morgantown, WV 26506-6107, United States;2. Safety Sciences Department, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 1011 South Drive, Indiana, PA 15705, United States;1. Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Lab, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | It was recently proposed that one could use signal current instead of voltage to collect surface electromyography (EMG). With EMG-current, the electrodes remain at the ground potential, thereby eliminating lateral currents. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EMG-currents can be recorded in Tap and Salt water, as well as in air, without electrically shielding the electrodes. It was hypothesized that signals would display consistent information between experimental conditions regarding muscle responses to changes in contraction effort. EMG-currents were recorded from the flexor digitorum muscles as participant’s squeezed a pre-inflated blood pressure cuff bladder in each experimental condition at standardized efforts. EMG-current measurements performed underwater showed no loss of signal amplitude when compared to measurements made in air, although some differences in amplitude and spectral components were observed between conditions. However, signal amplitudes and frequencies displayed consistent behavior across contraction effort levels, irrespective of the experimental condition. This new method demonstrates that information regarding muscle activity is comparable between wet and dry conditions when using EMG-current. Considering the difficulties imposed by the need to waterproof traditional bipolar EMG electrodes when underwater, this new methodology is tremendously promising for assessments of muscular function in aquatic environments. |
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| Keywords: | EMG Trans-impedance amplifier Aquatic environments Motor unit synchronization Mean frequency decay |
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