Brown muscle disease: Impact on Manila clam Venerupis (=Ruditapes) philippinarum biology |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Université Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France;2. CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France;3. LEMAR CNRS (UMR 6539), IUEM, Université de Bretagne occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France;1. Núcleo de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, CEP 49100-000 Aracajú, SE, Brazil;2. Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Bairro Jardins, Caixa Postal 44, CEP 49025-040 Aracajú, SE, Brazil;3. Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, CEP 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil;4. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, 904 S. Morris Street, Oxford, MD 21654, USA;5. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA;1. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA;2. Station Biologique de Roscoff, UPMC-CNRS, Roscoff, France;3. Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France;1. School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China;1. UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO / Environmental Stresses and Aquatic Biomonitoring, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76063, Le Havre Cedex, France;2. Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France;1. University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia;2. King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | This study assessed the effect of Brown Muscle Disease (BMD) on Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum fitness. BMD was discovered in 2005. It affects the posterior adductor muscle and leads to clam gaping and eventually death. Three statuses of clams were compared: buried individuals with no signs of BMD (BUR); clams at the surface of the sediment with no signs of BMD (SURF) and clams at the surface of the sediment exhibiting signs of brown muscle disease (BMD). Physiological (condition index), immune (hemocyte parameters) and molecular (gene expressions) parameters collected seasonally were analyzed and compared.Results demonstrated a seasonal pattern in condition index (CI) with peaks in spring/summer and decreases in autumn/winter. At each season, the highest CI was observed in BUR and the lowest CI was observed in BMD.In terms of immune response, phagocytosis rate and capacity were higher in clams with BMD whereas the health status of the clams did not influence the total hemocyte count. Genes involved in the immune system (comp, tnf, inter) were upregulated in clams with BMD. The molecular analysis of gill and posterior muscle showed higher mitochondrial metabolism (cox-1, 16S) in cells of infected clams, suggesting a stronger energetic demand by these cells. Finally, genes involved in oxidative stress response (cat, sod), detoxification (mt) and DNA repair (gadd45) were also overexpressed due to reactive oxygen species production.Most of the studied parameters underlined a cause–effect correlation between Manila clam health status (BUR, SUR, BMD) and physiological parameters. An important stress response was observed in BMD-infected clams at different scales, i.e. condition index, immune parameters and stress-related gene expression. |
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| Keywords: | Brown muscle disease Condition index Immune response Oxidative stress |
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