Cohesins and condensins orchestrate the 4D dynamics of yeast chromosomes during the cell cycle |
| |
Authors: | Luciana Lazar‐Stefanita Vittore F Scolari Guillaume Mercy Héloise Muller Thomas M Guérin Agnès Thierry Julien Mozziconacci Romain Koszul |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. Institut Pasteur, Department Genomes and Genetics, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris, France;2. CNRS, UMR 3525, Paris, France;3. Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology (C3BI), Paris, France;4. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, Complexité du Vivant, Paris, France;5. Laboratoire Télomères et Réparation du Chromosome, CEA, INSERM, UMR 967, IRCM, Université Paris‐Saclay, Fontenay‐aux‐Roses, France;6. Sorbonne Universités, Theoretical Physics for Condensed Matter Lab, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France;7. CNRS, UMR 7600, Paris, France |
| |
Abstract: | Duplication and segregation of chromosomes involves dynamic reorganization of their internal structure by conserved architectural proteins, including the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes cohesin and condensin. Despite active investigation of the roles of these factors, a genome‐wide view of dynamic chromosome architecture at both small and large scale during cell division is still missing. Here, we report the first comprehensive 4D analysis of the higher‐order organization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome throughout the cell cycle and investigate the roles of SMC complexes in controlling structural transitions. During replication, cohesion establishment promotes numerous long‐range intra‐chromosomal contacts and correlates with the individualization of chromosomes, which culminates at metaphase. In anaphase, mitotic chromosomes are abruptly reorganized depending on mechanical forces exerted by the mitotic spindle. Formation of a condensin‐dependent loop bridging the centromere cluster with the rDNA loci suggests that condensin‐mediated forces may also directly facilitate segregation. This work therefore comprehensively recapitulates cell cycle‐dependent chromosome dynamics in a unicellular eukaryote, but also unveils new features of chromosome structural reorganization during highly conserved stages of cell division. |
| |
Keywords: | chromosome segregation Hi‐C loop extrusion replication profile
SMC
|
|
|