Enzymatic propyl gallate synthesis in solvent-free system: Optimization by response surface methodology |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, BP1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;2. Laboratoire de Chimie Industrielle, ENIS, BP1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;1. College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000 Wuhu, China;2. Key Lab of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Science, 230031 Hefei, China;1. Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular (IBMC)/Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal;2. Dpto. de Química-Física, Fac. de Química, Universidad de La Habana, Cuba;1. College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;2. Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;3. Computer Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;1. College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;2. Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;3. Computer Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China |
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| Abstract: | The ability of a non-commercial immobilized Staphylococcus xylosus lipase to catalyze the esterification of propanol with gallic acid was investigated and the antioxidant as well as the antimicrobial activities of the ester formed were evaluated. The response surface methodology, based on a three variables Box–Behnken design (reaction temperature, enzyme amount and 1-propanol/gallic acid molar ratio), was used to optimize the experimental conditions of propylgallate synthesis. The maximum conversion yield (90% ±3.5) was obtained by using 400 IU of immobilized lipase and a propanol/gallic acid at a molar ratio of 160 at 52 °C. The obtained ester was characterized by spectroscopic methods, NMR and FTIR. The antioxidant activity of propyl gallate was evaluated and compared to the synthetic classical antioxidants, BHA and ascorbic acid, taken as references. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the propyl gallate was tested against S. xylosus, Escherchia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion and macrodilution methods. Our results show that the synthesized propyl gallate ester presents a higher antioxidant and antimicrobial power than the parent gallic acid as well as the synthetic classical antioxidants. |
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