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Application of microwave-irradiation technique in deglycosylation of ginsenosides for improving apoptosis induction in human melanoma SK-MEL-2 cells
Authors:Pilju Choi  Kwantae Kim  Taejung Kim  Young-Tae Park  Bong Geun Song  Myoung-Sook Shin  Yong Ho Kim  Gwi Seo Hwang  Ki Sung Kang  Jungyeob Ham
Affiliation:1. Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;2. College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;3. Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;4. Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
Abstract:To increase the contents of medicinally effective ginsenosides, we used high-temperature and high-pressure thermal processing of ginseng by exposing it to microwave irradiation. To determine the anti-melanoma effect, the malignant melanoma SK-MEL-2 cell line was treated with an extract of microwave-irradiated ginseng. Microwave irradiation caused changes in the ginsenoside contents: the amounts of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd were disappeared, while those of less polar ginsenosides, such as Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1, were increased. In particular, the contents of Rk1 and Rg5 markedly increased. Melanoma cells treated with the microwave-irradiated ginseng extract showed markedly increased cell death. The results indicate that the microwave-irradiated ginseng extract induced melanoma cell death via the apoptotic pathway and that the cytotoxic effect of the microwave-irradiated ginseng extract is attributable to the increased contents of specific ginsenosides.
Keywords:Apoptosis  Ginseng  Ginsenoside  Melanoma  Microwave irradiation
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