植物菌根共生磷酸盐转运蛋白

大多数植物能和丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM）真菌形成菌根共生体。AM能够促进植物对土壤中矿质营养的吸收，尤其是磷的吸收。磷的吸收和转运由磷酸盐转运蛋白介导。总结了植物AM磷酸盐转运蛋白及其结构特征，分析其分类及系统进化，并综述了AM磷酸盐转运蛋白介导的磷的吸收和转运过程及其基因的表达调控。植物AM磷酸盐转运蛋白属于Pht1家族成员，它不仅对磷的吸收和转运是必需的，而且对AM共生也至关重要，为进一步了解菌根形成的分子机理及信号转导途径提供了理论基础。

Advances of Study on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiotic Phosphate Transporter in Plants

The arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic endosymbiosis formed by plant roots and AM fungi. The AM symbiosis is manifested in bidirectional nutrient exchange; AM fungi obtain carbon from their plant host while assisting the plant with the acquisition of mineral nutritions (in particular phosphate) from the soil. AM symbiosis facilitate phosphate uptake is the central reason of plant growth and development.Phosphate transport into the root is mediated by phosphate transporters, and phosphate transporters play a role in the acquisition of phosphate released by the fungus in the AM symbiosis. The molecular biology of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic phosphate transporters in plants was summarized. AM phosphate transporter belong to Pht1 family, is not only essential for the acquisition of phosphate, also critical to AM symbiosis. Study of phosphate transport roles and their gene regulation will further our knowledge of the interaction between the two symbiotic partners, and so as to provide innovative approach to improving phosphate efficiency and agricultural yield.