KIRA指标的拓展及其在中国植被与气候关系研究中的应用

根据Kira以月平均气温5℃为界的热量指数和干湿度指数概念,提出了以月平均气温10℃为界的生物热量指数,包括生物温暖指数(BWI)和生物寒冷指数(BCI),并修正其干湿度指数为生物干湿度指数(BK).利用中国689个标准气象台站的资料,分析我国主要植被类型分布与热量因子和干湿度因子的关系,得出两者之间较好的相关性,生物温暖指数、寒冷指数和干湿度指数的散点图较好地表现了中国各植被类型与气候指标的关系和格局.以10℃为界的生物温暖指数不仅对我国森林植被的地理分布和温度气候带的划分具有较好的指示作用,而且对西南部高山、亚高山地区的植被与气候关系指示性较强;生物寒冷指数则对亚热带和热带的指示性很好,能够较好区分亚热带南部及热带地区;由热量指数和降水量综合得出的生物干湿度指数,对中国西北部干旱、半干旱区以至全国的植被分布与水分、热量因子的关系分析有较好的应用价值.

Development of Kira's indices and its application to vegetation climate interaction study of China

Based on the concept of Kira's thermal indices and aridity/humidity index by the limit of monthly average temperature 5℃, the biological thermal indexes by the limit of monthly average temperature 10℃, including biological warmth index (BWI) and coldness index (BCI),are put forward,and Kira's aridity/humidity index is modified to biological aridity/humidity index (BK) . According to the records of 689 meterological stations,relationships between the distribution of main vegetation types of China and the thermal and aridity/humidity factors are analyzed. There exists a definite interactions between vegetation and climate. The scatter graphs of biological warmth index, coldness index and aridity/humidity index kindly show the relationship and pattern between vegetation types and climate. The biological warmth index (>10℃) not only indicates to the geographical distribution of forestry vegetation and classification of thermal climatic belts in eastern China, but also indicates the relations between vegetation and climate in alpine and subalpine regions of southwest China. Biological coldness index is a good index to distinguish the southern subtropical and tropical belts. Biological aridity/humidity index synthetically got from biological warmth index and precipitation has a kind value to analyse the relations between vegetation and water thermal factors in arid and semiarid areas of northwest China and also in the whole country.