Preliminary characterization of thin biofilms by optical microscopy

A simple non‐invasive technique has been used that employs conventional optical microscopy and a glass flow cell to observe biofilms formed on opaque thin substrata. The technique allows the roughness of the biofilm and the substratum to be evaluated, and the biofilm thickness to be easily measured. The biofilm density may be quantified through colour gradients. In addition, some details of biofilm growth processes like the formation of water channels and pores, and interactions between planktonic and sessile cells can be visualized. Results related to the development of thin biofilms and their response to the environment under different conditions are reported. Pure and mixed microbial cultures and different solid substrata were assessed.